2. Solutions
Notes:
Salute:-
The Substane which gets dissolve in the Solution
Solvent:-
The Substance which allows otherr Subetance to dissolve
Capacity of Solution -
A) Unsaturated: The solution containing less amount of solute than situated.
B) Saturated: A Scution containing maximum. amount of Solute dissolve in specific amount of Solvent in a given temperature.
[c] Super Saturcited : A Solution containing
greater than equillibrium amount of Solute is Called as supersaturated solution.
Salubility:-
Solubility of a solute is its amount unit volume of Saturated Solution are at specific temperature.
It is expressed as mol L¹
* factors affecting Solubility :- Nature of Solate and Solvent.
-Effect of temperature.
-Effect of Pressure.
HENRY'S LAW It States that Solubility of a gas in liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of that The gas over the Solution
S=KP
where s = Solubility of gas P Pressure of gas K= Henry's law constant unit of Kμ = mol L ban
when P= 1 bar KH = 5 Thus K₁ is Solubility of gas liquid when its pressure over Solutions s 1 bar
RAQULT'S LAW It states that the partial vapour pressure of any volatile component of Solution is equal to to Vapour pressure of the pour pure component multiplied by its mole fraction.
According to Calton's law of partial pressure P-P+P
Pix + Pjxz
Since du = 1 2. P= P₁ (1-7) +1 72 = P₁ =P % + b 2 z
= (P-P) +P
colligative properties:-
1. Vapour pressure lowering
2. Boiling point elevation!
3. freezing point Depression
4. Osmotic pressure
1. Vapour pressure lowering. If Pi is the vapour pressure of pare solvent an
P₁ is the vapour pressure of solvent above Solution then AP-P-P Racult's Jaw for Solutions of nonvolatils
Osmosis: The net Spontaneous flow of solvent molecules. into Solution from dilute Solution to more concentrated salution through Semi-permeable membrane is called as comosis.
Osmotic pressure: The hydrostatic pressure that stops osmosis is an osmotic pressure (1) The hydrostatic pressum is equal to hig; de = hight heigth, 3 = I don g= acceleration due to gravity
Isotonic hypertonic & hypotonic
Isotonic solution :- Two or more solution having Same osmotic pressure are said to be isotonic Solution
Hypertonic Solution: If two Solutions have unequal osmotic pressure The more iconcentrate Solution with higher osmotic pressure is called as hypertonic Solution,
Hypotonic Solution: The diluteed solution exhibi lower osmotic pressure is called as Solution hypotonic